Abstract- Optic communication EL-310

History of optical Communication system invented in the 1790s, that French engineer Claude Chappe. It beat hand carried messages, but by the midlle of 19th century was replaced by the electric telegraph. In 1840s, some of the physicist showed that light could be guided along jets of water for fountain displays. On that time inventors realized that bent quartz rods could carry light, and patented them as dental illuminators. During the 1920s, some of the American inventors patented the idea of using arrays of hollow pipes or transparent rods to transmit images for television or facsimile systems. serious work on optical communications had to wait for the continuouswave helium-neom laser. By 1965s, technical barriers remained for both millimeter-wave and laser telecommunications. In july 1966s, Kao and Hockham's detailed Proceeding of the Institution of Electrical Engineers. In september 1970s, they announced they had more single-mode fibers with attention at the 633-nanometer helium-neon line below 20dB/km. The breakthrough was among the most dramatic of many developments that opened the door to fiber-optic communications. The biigest problem for fiber-optics is economic. termiinal equipment remains too expensive to justify installing fibers all the way to homes, at least for present services. Time will show.